In international relations, what are sanctions?

Sanctions in international relations refer specifically to coercive measures implemented by one or more countries against a targeted country, organization, or individual. The primary aim of sanctions is to compel the target to change specific policies or behaviors that are deemed unacceptable or harmful by the sanctioning bodies.

These measures can take various forms, including economic sanctions such as trade restrictions, financial penalties, or asset freezes, as well as diplomatic sanctions, such as reducing or severing diplomatic ties. By applying pressure through sanctions, countries intend to influence the decision-making of the target in a way that aligns with international norms or the enforcing country’s interests.

In contrast, promoting trade is not related to the concept of sanctions; rather, it fosters economic growth and cooperation. Diplomatic agreements focus on building constructive relationships and resolving issues through dialogue, not coercion. Lastly, military alliances aim to enhance security and defense among nations rather than to pressure or modify another nation's policies.