What aspect distinguishes the Beijing Consensus from the Washington Consensus?

The Beijing Consensus is characterized by state-led development and flexible strategies, which sets it apart from the Washington Consensus. The Beijing Consensus emphasizes the role of the state in driving economic growth with policies tailored to the unique circumstances of individual countries. This approach promotes a pragmatic and adaptive model that allows for experimentation and adjustments based on growth outcomes and societal needs. In contrast, the Washington Consensus typically advocates for a set of uniform economic policies that emphasize free markets, deregulation, and liberalization, often applied in a one-size-fits-all manner.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the essence of the Beijing Consensus. Uniform policies do not align with its flexible approach, while the decentralization of economic control contradicts the state-centric model of development it promotes. Lastly, while international aid may play a role in both frameworks, the Beijing Consensus does not rely solely on it as a driver of economic success. Thus, the focus on state-led development and adaptable strategies is fundamentally what distinguishes the Beijing Consensus from the Washington Consensus.