What does the term 'asylum' refer to in international law?

The term 'asylum' in international law specifically refers to the protection granted to individuals in a foreign country who are facing persecution in their home country due to factors such as race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. This legal concept is rooted in the principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits countries from returning individuals to situations where they may face harm or persecution. The asylum-seeking process involves an individual formally requesting safety and protection from a state other than their own, recognizing the serious threat they face if they were to return.

In contrast, legal immunity provided to diplomats relates to diplomatic relations and privileges established under international agreements, which does not pertain to the concept of seeking refuge from persecution. A temporary residence for tourists refers to the accommodation and permissions granted to visitors, which is unrelated to the protection offered to those fleeing danger. Lastly, assistance provided to refugees returning home involves different frameworks, often concerning repatriation efforts, rather than granting asylum to individuals fleeing their countries.