What is meant by hegemony in international relations?

Hegemony in international relations refers to the dominance of one state over others, which is accurately captured by the selected answer. This concept is often used to describe a situation where a single powerful state exerts control or influence over the global order, determining the rules and norms that govern the behavior of other states. In a hegemonic system, the dominant state may lead in areas such as economic stability, military strength, and political influence, establishing frameworks that benefit its interests while often shaping the actions and policies of lesser powers.

For example, during the late 20th century, the United States was considered a hegemon due to its unmatched economic power and military capabilities in influencing global events, international trade, and even standards of democracy and governance. Hegemony is not just about coercive power; it also encompasses soft power aspects, such as cultural influence and diplomatic relationships.

The other options describe different configurations of international relations that do not align with the notion of hegemony. The idea of equality of power among all states would imply a balance of power scenario, which contrasts with the dominance inherent in hegemony. The sovereignty of multiple states emphasizes the independence and equal status of nations and does not suggest any hierarchical relationships. Shared economic interests can occur in