What is the primary difference between "signature" and "ratification" of a treaty?

The primary difference between "signature" and "ratification" of a treaty lies in the legal implications and processes involved. When a representative of a state signs a treaty, it indicates the state’s intention to be bound by the treaty, but it does not yet create a legal obligation. Signature signifies that the state endorses the content of the treaty and is committed to not undermining it, but further action is required for it to take effect legally.

Ratification, on the other hand, involves the formal approval of the treaty by a country’s legislative body, which is necessary for the treaty to become legally binding. This step is crucial as it demonstrates the country's commitment to uphold the treaty's obligations under international law. Once ratified, the treaty becomes an official part of the domestic law of the ratifying country, and it is then legally binding.

In summary, signature reflects intent and preliminary support, whereas ratification is the action that transforms that intent into a binding legal commitment through the appropriate legislative processes.