What type of governance issues arise from state sovereignty?

State sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. While this principle underlies international relations, it creates significant governance challenges, particularly in enforcing global regulations. States often prioritize their national interests and may be reluctant to comply with international laws, treaties, or agreements that they perceive as infringing on their sovereignty. This reluctance can undermine efforts to enforce global regulations aimed at addressing issues like climate change, human rights, and trade standards.

For instance, when countries sign international agreements, they may not always incorporate those commitments into domestic law, or they might diverge from them if they believe it conflicts with their sovereignty. This can lead to inconsistent application of global standards and difficulties in coordinating responses to transnational problems. The challenge is compounded by the lack of a centralized authority to enforce compliance, which is a direct effect of the principle of state sovereignty.

The other options touch upon aspects of international relations but do not address the specific challenges posed by state sovereignty in governance. International laws and agreements exist largely to navigate these tensions but can be ineffective if states do not adhere to them. Positional conflicts at international organizations like the United Nations reflect disagreements that stem from sovereignty but do not directly capture the governance issue of enforcement. Internal state affairs are certainly