Which of the following aims to ensure accountability for torture?

The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) is the correct choice because it specifically addresses the issue of torture and aims to prevent it in all circumstances. CAT is a significant international human rights treaty that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1984. Its main goal is to ensure that nations take effective measures to prevent torture within their jurisdictions and hold accountable those who perpetrate such acts.

Article 2 of CAT obligates states to take measures to prevent torture, including ensuring that no exceptional circumstances, such as war or a state of emergency, can be invoked as a justification for torture. Furthermore, the treaty emphasizes the need for states to investigate allegations of torture, provide victims with access to justice, and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice.

While the other options—ICERD (International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination), CRC (Convention on the Rights of the Child), and CED (Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women)—address important human rights and forms of discrimination, they do not specifically focus on the accountability and prevention of torture in the same way that CAT does. Each of these conventions has its own