Which of the following best describes international anarchy?

International anarchy refers to the concept in international relations that describes the absence of a central governing authority over states. This means that no single entity, like a world government, exists to regulate or enforce rules among sovereign states, thereby leading to a self-help system where states must rely on their own resources and strategies for security and interaction.

This understanding is fundamental because it highlights the decentralized nature of international politics, where each state operates independently and is primarily concerned with its own interests, security, and survival. In this context, power dynamics, alliances, and conflicts among states can arise, as interactions are largely characterized by competition rather than cooperation.

The other choices reflect misconceptions about the nature of the international system. The notion of international law governing all state interactions implies a level of compliance and authority that does not exist in a truly anarchical system. A central authority controlling all states and a cooperative framework for enhanced international security suggest cooperation and organization that are not characteristic of an anarchic international landscape. Thus, the idea that anarchy is defined by the lack of a central governing authority accurately captures its essence in international relations.