Which of the following is a main challenge to global governance?

Conflicting national interests represent a significant challenge to global governance because they often create divisions among countries that hinder unified action on global issues. Each nation prioritizes its own sovereignty, security, and economic benefits, which can lead to disagreements in policy-making and implementation. For instance, nations may clash over trade agreements, environmental regulations, or military alliances, as each country seeks to maximize its own advantages, sometimes at the expense of multilateral agreements or collective action.

This challenge is compounded by the complexity of international relations, where varying political systems, economic needs, and cultural values can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. The presence of conflicting interests can stall negotiations or prevent the establishment of effective governance structures needed to address global challenges, such as climate change or public health crises.

In contrast, while increasing international cooperation, advances in technology, and enhanced diplomatic relations can play positive roles in fostering collaboration and resolving issues, they don't inherently address the discord created by differing national agendas. In fact, these elements can be undermined by persistent conflicting interests, which makes this the most pressing challenge among the options provided.