Which of the following terms refers to the principle of preventing genocide?

The principle of preventing genocide is best encapsulated by the term R2P, which stands for the Responsibility to Protect. This doctrine emerged in the early 2000s and emphasizes that states have a responsibility to protect their populations from mass atrocities, including genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. When a state fails to protect its citizens or is the perpetrator of such crimes, the international community has a moral and, in some interpretations, legal obligation to intervene, potentially through military means.

R2P reflects a shift in international relations thinking, moving away from absolute state sovereignty towards a more nuanced understanding that supports intervention in cases where a government harms its own people. This commitment to preventing genocide and mass atrocities is a cornerstone of contemporary humanitarian intervention policy.

The other terms in the choices relate to different contexts: COIN (Counterinsurgency) refers to military strategies used to combat insurgency movements; QDR (Quadrennial Defense Review) is a report that outlines defense strategies and priorities for the U.S.; OBOR (One Belt One Road), also known as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a global development strategy adopted by China. These concepts do not pertain to the specific principle of preventing genocide, thus reinforcing why