Which of the following was a reason for the League of Nations' failure?

The League of Nations fundamentally struggled due to its lack of enforcement mechanisms, which is why this choice is identified as the correct answer. The League was established after World War I with the intention of maintaining peace and preventing future conflicts through diplomacy and collective security. However, it lacked the authority to compel member states to act, impose sanctions, or intervene militarily in disputes. This deficiency meant that even when the League issued resolutions or imposed penalties, it did not have the means to ensure compliance, leading to its ineffectiveness in handling aggression, such as the invasions of Manchuria by Japan and Ethiopia by Italy.

In contrast, the other choices do not reflect factors that contributed to the League's failure effectively. For instance, the notion of massive funding does not apply, as the League was often underfunded and struggled financially, limiting its ability to operate effectively. Additionally, the idea of strong member cooperation runs counter to the reality that many member states pursued their national interests over collective goals, frequently leading to inaction or disregard for the League’s resolutions. Lastly, while universal decision-making sounds positive, it often resulted in paralysis due to the need for unanimous agreement among all members, making it difficult to address urgent situations swiftly. Overall, the lack of